To bring about mutual benefits and development in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), China has actively participated in the GMS Economic Cooperation Programme (GMS Programme) to promote social and economic development, which is supported by the Asian Development Bank. Achievements have been made in the areas of infrastructure improvement, mutual trade expansion, and increased flow of goods and experts. However, various problems and obstacles have appeared following the implementation of some of the regional initiatives. While there has been extensive discussion regarding obstacles to the implementation of the initiatives in China, very little attention has been given to the implications from the perspectives of political economics and stakeholder analysis. This paper is a first attempt to fill this gap...