The current debate on climate change and its linkages to trade is rapidly gaining global attention. Thus it is reasonable to expect that the focus on carbon leakage and border tax adjustment will only intensify in the future. Carbon leakage is said to happen when production of carbon intensive products migrates from countries which have measures to reduce emissions to countries where there are no such measures. Therefore, border tax adjustment is suggested when carbon intensive products are imported from countries with no carbon emission regulation so that carbon leakage can be controlled. However, the legitimacy of border tax adjustment is questionable as such government interventions may have a trade restricting effect. On the other side, individual consumers are free to include emissions criteria in their buying decisions. Private carbon standards and labelling can be used to introduce such criteria.